Number Systems and Information Systems
By Arvind Sharma, B.Pharm, M.Pharm, Assistant Professor, MUIT
A2G ACADEMY
Smart Pharmacy Notes
BP205T Unit 1 Notes – Number Systems and Information Systems
These notes cover Number Systems and Information Systems according to BP205T Computer Applications in Pharmacy syllabus.
Introduction
These notes are useful for:
- B.Pharm semester exams
- Viva preparation
- Practical preparation
Topics Covered
- Number System
- Binary Number System
- Decimal Number System
- Octal Number System
- Hexadecimal Number System
- Number Conversions
- Binary Arithmetic
- Information Systems
- Software Development Process
Number System
Number system is a method of representing numbers using digits and symbols.
Computers use binary number system.
Decimal Number System
- Base = 10
- Digits: 0 to 9
Example: (345)₁₀
Binary Number System
- Base = 2
- Digits: 0 and 1
- Used in computers.
Example: (1011)₂
Octal Number System
- Base = 8
- Digits: 0 to 7
Example: (257)₈
Hexadecimal Number System
- Base = 16
- Digits: 0 to 9 and A to F
Example: (2AF)₁₆
Decimal to Binary Conversion
Divide decimal number by 2 repeatedly.
Example: 10₁₀ = 1010₂
Binary to Decimal Conversion
Multiply digits by powers of 2.
Example: 1010₂ = 10₁₀
Octal to Binary Conversion
Convert each octal digit into 3-bit binary.
Example: 7₈ = 111₂
Binary Addition
Rules:
- 0 + 0 = 0
- 0 + 1 = 1
- 1 + 0 = 1
- 1 + 1 = 10
Binary Subtraction
Rules:
- 1 − 0 = 1
- 1 − 1 = 0
- 10 − 1 = 1
One's Complement Method
Invert all binary digits.
Example: 1010 → 0101
Two's Complement Method
Add 1 to one's complement.
Example:
1010
One's complement = 0101
Two's complement = 0110
Binary Multiplication
Similar to decimal multiplication.
Example: 101 × 10 = 1010
Binary Division
Similar to decimal division.
Information Systems
Information system is a system used to collect, store and process information.
Steps in Information System Development
Information Gathering
Collecting data.
Requirement Analysis
Understanding user needs.
Feasibility Analysis
Checking if project is possible.
Data Flow Diagram
Shows flow of information.
Process Specification
Describes system processes.
Input Output Design
Designing input and output forms.
Process Life Cycle
- Planning
- Design
- Implementation
- Testing
- Maintenance
Project Management
- Planning project
- Managing resources
- Monitoring progress
Important Points for Exams
- Binary system uses base 2.
- Decimal system uses base 10.
- Octal system uses base 8.
- Hexadecimal uses base 16.
- Two's complement is used for subtraction.
- Information systems manage data.
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Keywords
- BP205T Unit 1 Notes
- Computer Applications in Pharmacy Notes
- Number System Notes
- B Pharm Computer Notes